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minute virus of mice
The Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) is the prototype virus of the Protoparvovirus genus within the Parvoviridae family of viruses.〔http://talk.ictvonline.org/files/ictv_official_taxonomy_updates_since_the_8th_report/m/vertebrate-official/4844.aspx〕 MVM exists in two variant forms: MVMp, which is the prototype strain, infects cells of fibroblast origin, while MVMi, the immunosuppressive strain, infects T lymphocytes. MVM is a common infection in laboratory mice due to its highly contagious nature. The virus can be shed from infected mice via feces and urine, but also via fomites and nasal secretions.〔 Typically there are no clinical signs of infection, however, experimental infection can cause multiple organ damage during fetal development or shortly after birth.〔 While MVM infection may result in pathology of infected mice, the infection is more likely to cause problems for the ongoing study the mice are being used for as the immune system will be activated, the activity of T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes will be altered and tumor formation may be suppressed.〔
==Transcription profile==
During replication MVM utilizes three open reading frames (ORFs) and produces three distinct mRNA transcripts which are referred to as R1, R2 and R3. R1, produced from ORF 3, is translated into non-structural protein 1 (NS1).〔 mRNA transcript R2, produces non-structural protein 2 (NS2) by splicing the 5-prime end of ORF3 with ORF2, which is found within the 3-prime end of ORF.〔 The resulting NS2 protein is thus composed of spliced 5-prime and 3-prime alternative ORF sections of NS1.〔 Finally, the R3 transcript produces capsid proteins VP1 and VP2, which requires transcription from the P38 promoter, in contrast to the P4 promoter used for transcripts R1 and R2.〔Parvoviruses. Edited by Kerr, Cotmore, Bloom, Linden and Parrish. ISBN 0340811986〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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